08/04/28 03:06:45 ySjNlprm0
>>380
> オランダの環境保護団体グリーンピースは、捕獲する代わりに特殊な
>投げ矢を使用し、クジラを殺すことなく組織サンプルを採取することは
>可能だと主張している
この記事書いた人、鯨類調査のことなんにもわかってなくて、水産庁で見聞きしたこと
そのまま書きましたのストーリーだね。
1991年に国際捕鯨委員会が発行した鯨類の遺伝子的分析に関する論文集
”Genetic Ecology of Whales and Dolphins －- INCORPORATING THE PROCEEDINGS
OF THE WORKSHOP ON THE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CETACEAN POPULATIONS"
Edited by A. Rus Hoelzel から、
デンマークの学者たちの「特殊な投げ矢」w の開発の歴史。
SC/S89/Gen26
[ Sampling of Skin Biopsies from Free-Ranging Large
Cetaceans in West Greenland: Development of New
Biopsy Tips and Bolt Designs ]
Per J. Palsboll1, Finn Larsen2 and Erik Sigurd Hansen3
ABSTRACT
Different combinations of designs of biopsy tips and stops were tested and promising models
were used in the field on free-ranging large cetaceans from an inflatable boat and a research
vessel. The improved designs had an increased range from 41 - 126% compared with the
more basic design of previously used biopsy tips. Procedures used in the field, and the use of
principally different types of crossbows, are described and discussed as well as the different
designs of biopsy tips and their practical use.
Keywords: biopsy; North Atlantic; humpback whale; fin whale; blue whale.
INTRODUCTION
Tissue samples from large cetaceans for genetic studies (Winn et al., 1973; Amos and
Hoelzel, 1990; Baker et al., 1990), toxicological analyses (Aguilar and Nadal, 1984) or
establishment of tissue cultures (Lambertsen, 1987; Mathews et al., 1988; Arnason and
Widegren, 1989) are often collected as skin biopsies from free-ranging cetaceans. Most
skin biopsy sampling systems consist of a projection unit and a biopsy tip mounted on a
bolt (arrow). The projection unit can be a harpoon- or an airgun (Winn et al., 1973;
Aguilar and Nadal, 1984; Arnason and Widegren, 1989) or a long- or crossbow
(Lambertsen, 1987; Mathews et al., 1988; Amos and Hoelzel, 1990). The biopsy tip is
usually a 10-50mm long, hollow stainless steel tip with an internal diameter of 6-lOmm.
Internal barbs (Winn et al., 1973; Lambertsen, 1987; Mathews et al., 1988; Amos and
Hoelzel, 1990), a central hook (Brown et al., this volume) or a 'butterfly valve' (Aguilar
and Nadal, 1984) ensures that the tissue stays in the tip after a hit. Prongs (Winn et al.,
1973) or a flange (Aguilar and Nadal, 1984; Lambertsen, 1987; Mathews et al., 1988;
Amos and Hoelzel, 1990) are placed behind the tip itself to serve as a stop to prevent
deeper penetration. Retrieval of the bolt is accomplished either by a line attached to the
tip (Winn etal., 1973; Aguilar and Nadal, 1984; Lambertsen, 1987), a closed-cell flotation
foam collar on the dart behind the tip (Mathews et al., 1988), or both (Amos and Hoelzel,
1990).
In 1988, the Greenland Fisheries Research Institute initiated collection of biopsies from
humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and blue (B. musculus)
whales. The design of the tip (Figs. 2a and 5a) was based on the description given in Amos
and Hoelzel (1990) which is similar to most of the biopsy tips described (Aguilar and
Nadal, 1984; Lambertsen, 1987; Mathews et al., 1988; Amos and Hoelzel, 1990) and
_____________________________
1 Genetic Institute A, Copenhagen University, 0ster Farimagsgade2A, D K-J 353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Present Address: Institute of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15,
DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark
2 Greenland Fisheries Research Institute, Tagensvej 135, l.sal, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
3 Sfikrogen, Kongemarksvej 78, Kattinge, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark