15/01/20 22:49:39.45 E6BTizKB
世界（のカトリック国）で唯一、まだ離婚を禁止しているフィリピンについての詳細記事。
・・・The Philippines is now the only country in the world that denies divorce to the majority of its citizens;
it is the last holdout among a group of staunchly Catholic countries where the church has fought hard to enforce
its views on the sanctity of marriage.・・・
アキノ大統領は、カトリック教会の反対を押し切って、貧しい女性達のための避妊薬助成を認めたばかりで、
離婚の合法化までは踏み込めないでいる。
Aquino ignored the bishops and their threats of excommunication three years ago when he signed a reproductive
health law that provides subsidized contraceptives to poor women, but most analysts here believe that he has no
appetite for another politically bruising battle with the Catholic hierarchy on another of its hot-button issues.
1970年のイタリアから始まり、ブラジル、スペイン、アルゼンチン、アイルランド、チリ、マルタが次々に離婚を合法化。
For its part, the global church has been steadily losing ground in the fight against divorce.
The first big blow came in 1970 when Italy legalized divorce, despite the ferocious opposition of the Vatican.
An attempt to repeal the Italian divorce law was soundly rejected in a 1974 referendum. Next came Brazil,
which legalized divorce in 1977, followed by Spain (1981), Argentina (1987), Ireland (1997), and Chile (2004).
That left only the Philippines and the tiny Mediterranean island nation of Malta (and, of course,
the independent but mostly celibate Vatican city-state). In 2011, Malta held a referendum on divorce.・・・
スペイン領になるまではフィリピンでは離婚はできたが、米国統治下で妻の姦淫と夫の蓄妾の場合に限り離婚を
認めたのを、日本占領下で離婚を合法化したところ、フィリピン独立の際、完全禁止に逆戻りした。
（これに限らず、日本のフィリピン統治は素晴らしかったのだよ。）
It wasn’t always thus. Before explorer Ferdinand Magellan claimed the Philippines for the Spanish crown and began
converting the natives to Catholicism in 1521, divorce was commonly practiced by the archipelago’s traditional tribes,
according to anthropologists. But four centuries of Spanish rule, carried out for the most part by Catholic religious orders,
effectively stamped out the custom. Things eased up a bit when the Americans became the new colonial masters after
the 1898 Spanish-American War. A 1917 law allowed divorce, but only for adultery if committed by the wife or for
“concubinage” on the part of the husband. The Japanese, during their otherwise horrific World War II occupation of the
Philippines, introduced modern divorce laws, but those were canceled and the old 1917 law restored when, in 1944, U.S. Gen.
Douglas MacArthur famously returned. Six years later, after the Philippines had been granted independence and the church
had reasserted its authority, the 1917 law was revoked and divorce was banned outright.・・・
URLﾘﾝｸ(foreignpolicy.com)