19/06/25 22:31:02.72 9rRsXBBx0.net
>>490
してるじゃん。まずここと、
Adjustment Variables
We accounted for patient characteristics, physician characteristics, and hospital fixed effects.
Patient characteristics included patient age in 5-year increments (the oldest group was categorized as ?95 years),
sex, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and other),
primary diagnosis (Medicare Severity Diagnosis Related Group),
27 coexisting conditions (determined using the Elixhauser comorbidity index28),
median annual household income estimated from residential zip codes (in deciles),
an indicator variable for Medicaid coverage, and indicator variables for year.
Physician characteristics included physician age in 5-year increments (the oldest group was categorized as ?70 years),
indicator variables for the medical schools from which the physicians graduated,
and type of medical training (ie, allopathic vs osteopathic29 training).
ダメ押しでここ。
Sensitivity Analyses
We conducted several sensitivity analyses.
First, to address the possibility that female physicians may treat healthier patients,
we restricted the study population to hospitalized patients treated by physicians who specialize in the care of hospitalized patients (hospitalists).
Hospitalists typically work in shifts; therefore, within the same hospital,
patients treated by hospitalists are plausibly quasi-randomized to a given physician based on when patients become sick
and based on hospitalists’ work schedule.34 We defined hospitalists using a validated approach: general internists
who filed at least 90% of their total evaluation and management billings in an inpatient setting.35 Second,
to evaluate whether our findings were sensitive to how we attributed patients to physicians,
we tested the following 2 alternative attribution methods: attributing patients to physicians who had the largest number of evaluation
and management claims and attributing patients to physicians who billed the first evaluation and management claim for a given hospitalization.25,36,37 Third, within some hospitals,
male internists may be more likely to work in intensive care units and have severely ill patients.
To address this issue, we reanalyzed our data after excluding hospitals with a medical intensive care unit.
Fourth, to test whether our findings were sensitive to follow-up periods for measuring patient outcomes,
we used 60-day mortality and readmissions instead of 30-day patient outcomes.
Fifth, we modeled physician and patient age as continuous rather than categorical variables with quadratic and cubic terms to allow for nonlinear associations.
Finally, we used logistic regression models instead of linear probability models.