23/12/17 23:52:40.11 SULxEen0.net
つづき
For any finitely presented group it is easy to construct a (smooth) compact 4-manifold with it as its fundamental group. As there is no algorithm to tell whether two finitely presented groups are isomorphic (even if one is known to be trivial) there is no algorithm to tell if two 4-manifolds have the same fundamental group. This is one reason why much of the work on 4-manifolds just considers the simply connected case: the general case of many problems is already known to be intractable.
(google訳)
任意の有限に提示された群については、それを基本群として使用して (滑らかな) コンパクトな 4 多様体を構築するのは簡単です。有限に提示された 2 つの群が同型であるかどうかを判断するアルゴリズムがないため (1 つが自明であることがわかっている場合でも)、2 つの 4 多様体が同じ基本群を持つかどうかを判断するアルゴリズムもありません。これが、4 多様体に関する研究の多くが単純結合の場合のみを考慮する理由の 1 つです。つまり、多くの問題の一般的な場合は、すでに解決困難であることが知られています。
Smooth 4-manifolds
Fintushel and Stern showed how to use surgery to construct large numbers of different smooth structures (indexed by arbitrary integral polynomials) on many different manifolds, using Seiberg–Witten invariants to show that the smooth structures are different. Their results suggest that any classification of simply connected smooth 4-manifolds will be very complicated. There are currently no plausible conjectures about what this classification might look like. (Some early conjectures that all simply connected smooth 4-manifolds might be connected sums of algebraic surfaces, or symplectic manifolds, possibly with orientations reversed, have been disproved.)
つづく