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He started publishing in 1952. Many of his early papers are concerned with the study of Whitehead products and their behaviour under suspension and more generally with the (unstable) homotopy groups of spheres. In a 1957 paper he showed the first non-existence result for the Hopf invariant 1 problem. This period of his work culminated in his book Composition methods in homotopy groups of spheres (1962). Here he uses as important tools the Toda bracket (which he calls the toric construction) and the Toda fibration, among others, to compute the first 20 nontrivial homotopy groups for each sphere.
（Ishikawa, Goo は、北大か。URLﾘﾝｸ(www.math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp) 幾何学者石川剛郎の公式ホームページへようこそ！ ）
URLﾘﾝｸ(mathgenealogy.org)
Hiroshi Toda
Name School Year Descendants
Ishikawa, Goo 1985 7
URLﾘﾝｸ(en.wikipedia.org)
Cobordism
In mathematics, cobordism is a fundamental equivalence relation on the class of compact manifolds of the same dimension, set up using the concept of the boundary (French bord, giving cobordism) of a manifold. Two manifolds of the same dimension are cobordant if their disjoint union is the boundary of a compact manifold one dimension higher.
The boundary of an (n + 1)-dimensional manifold W is an n-dimensional manifold ∂W that is closed, i.e., with empty boundary. In general, a closed manifold need not be a boundary: cobordism theory is the study of the difference between all closed manifolds and those that are boundaries. The theory was originally developed by Rene Thom for smooth manifolds (i.e., differentiable), but there are now also versions for piecewise linear and topological manifolds.
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