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Finite set
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Necessary and sufficient conditions for finiteness
In Zermelo?Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice (ZF), the following conditions are all equivalent:[citation needed]
2.(Kazimierz Kuratowski) S has all properties which can be proved by mathematical induction beginning with the empty set and adding one new element at a time. (See below for the set-theoretical formulation of Kuratowski finiteness.)
Set-theoretic definitions of finiteness
Various properties that single out the finite sets among all sets in the theory ZFC turn out logically inequivalent in weaker systems such as ZF or intuitionistic set theories.
Two definitions feature prominently in the literature, one due to Richard Dedekind, the other to Kazimierz Kuratowski. (Kuratowski's is the definition used above.)
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