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Well-founded relation
"Noetherian induction" redirects here. For the use in topology, see Noetherian topological space.
In mathematics, a binary relation, R, is called well-founded (or wellfounded) on a class X if every non-empty subset S ⊆ X has a minimal element with respect to R, that is an element m not related by sRm (for instance, "s is not smaller than m") for any s ∈ S. In other words, a relation is well founded if
(∀ S ⊆ X)[S ≠ Φ → (∃ m ∈ S)(∀ s ∈ S) ￢ (sRm)].
Some authors include an extra condition that R is set-like, i.e., that the elements less than any given element form a set.
Equivalently, assuming the axiom of dependent choice, a relation is well-founded if it contains no countable infinite descending chains: that is, there is no infinite sequence x0, x1, x2, ... of elements of X such that xn+1 R xn for every natural number n.[1][2]
In order theory, a partial order is called well-founded if the corresponding strict order is a well-founded relation. If the order is a total order then it is called a well-order.
In set theory, a set x is called a well-founded set if the set membership relation is well-founded on the transitive closure of x.
The axiom of regularity, which is one of the axioms of Zermelo?Fraenkel set theory, asserts that all sets are well-founded.
A relation R is converse well-founded, upwards well-founded or Noetherian on X, if
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